LIGHTING SYSTEM

Lighting system

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

There are 2 types of lighting which is natural lighting and artificial lighting. Natural lighting is A lighting source that closely replicates natural sunlight. Sunlight in its pure form has a kelvin temperature of around 5000 degrees kelvin and a color rendering index of 100. while artificial lighting refers to any light source that is produced by electrical means. Artificial lighting has many different applications and is used both in home and commercially. Artificial lights are available in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, colors of light emitted, and levels of brightness. The use of artificial lighting is crucial in agriculture and gardening, particularly in indoor cultivation.

Basic Type of lighting

There are three basic types of lighting that work together in your home:

1.      Ambient (general lighting)

2.      Task

3.      Accent

A good lighting plan combines all three types to light an area according to function and style.

		Ambient lighting provides an area with overall illumination. Also known as general lighting, it radiates a comfortable level of brightness without glare and allows you to see and walk about safely. In some spaces such as laundry rooms, the ambient lighting also serves as the primary source of task lighting. It can be accomplished with chandeliers, ceiling or wall-mounted fixtures, recessed or track lights and with lanterns mounted on the outside of the home. Having a central source of ambient light in all rooms is fundamental to a good lighting plan.
		Task lighting helps you perform specific tasks, such as reading, grooming, preparing and cooking food, doing homework, working on hobbies, playing games and balancing your checkbook. It can be provided by recessed and track lighting, pendant lighting and undercabinet lighting, as well as by portable floor and desk lamps. Task lighting should be free of distracting glare and shadows and should be bright enough to prevent eye strain.
		Accent lighting adds drama to a room by creating visual interest. As part of an interior design scheme, it is used to draw the eye to houseplants, paintings, sculptures and other prized possessions. It can also be used to highlight the texture of a brick or stone wall, window treatments or outdoor landscaping. To be effective, accent lighting requires as least three times as much light on the focal point as the general lighting surrounding it. Accent lighting is usually provided by recessed and track lighting or wall-mounted picture lights.

Types of lights or lamps in a lighting system

 

Incandescent Lamps

•        Available in a broad range of sizes and voltages
•          Glows and produces heat when electricity passes through the tungsten filament present inside the bulb
•          Can last for 700 – 1000 hours and can also be used with a dimmer.

                       Compact Fluorescent Lamps

• Modern type of light bulb that works like a fluorescent lamp. It contains mercury, which cause difficulties to its disposal
• Use less power, produce same amount of light and have long lifespan
• Cannot be used with dimmers, and usually they can last for 10,000 hours and luminous efficiency of a compact fluorescent lamp is about 60 lumens per watt.

                                                                                              

                                                 Halogen lamps

 

·         Consists of a tungsten filament, which is sealed with a compact transparent envelop and filled with an inert gas and small amount of halogen (bromine or iodine)

·        
Halogen increases the lifetime and brightness of the lamps and luminous efficiency of a halogen lamp is about 25 lumens per watt.

 

                           Fluorescent Tube

•        Luminous efficiency of a fluorescent tube is about 45 to 100 lumens per watt
•         Use less power for the same amount of light, and are usually more complex and expensive than the incandescent lamp
•        Fluorescent lamps do not have good color representation ability, but these tubes are cool in appearance and color
•        Fluorescent tubes can be used in many places around a home but cannot be used with dimmers

 

                          Light Emitting Diode

• LED lamp is an electrical component that emits light through the movement of electronin a semiconductor device

•  It lacks a filament, use less power and has a long lifespan

• Produce more light than incandescent lamps and help save energy in energy-conserving devices

Case Study: PKU

FLUORESCENT LAMP MOSTLY USED IN PKU UTM.

Patient bedrooms.

Patient’s bedroom need a warm coloured light can create welcoming, soothing effect and also flattering skin tones. For example, installing wall-mounted LED reading lights for those that difficult to move, can easily switch on and off the lights.

 

                                                                 Source: Google image.

Wards

LED ceiling panels are good fit for many healthcare environment. Since bed area is individually for examination with privacy curtains closed so usually they used LED Ceiling Light Panel that make the patient and doctor feels comfortable.

 

                                                                Source: Google image.

Corridors.

A healthcare building used occupancy detection technology in little used corridors, stairwells or utility rooms. For example Prodisc LED Flush Fitting, that detected movement of people that can reduce the electricity in the circuit.

                                                                  Source: Google image.